Introduction to AWS Config: Simplified Cloud Auditing

Modern cloud environments are ever-changing, and so is the nature of cloud computing. The growing cloud assets accompany the attack surface expansion problem for organizations, which unveils the need for visibility of cloud resources. AWS Config addresses that exact demand.

Modern cloud environments are ever-changing, and so is the nature of cloud computing. The growing cloud assets accompany the attack surface expansion problem for organizations, which unveils the need for visibility of cloud resources. AWS Config addresses that exact demand. It can be challenging to understand resources within your infrastructure like:

• Seeing what resources you have

• Understanding your current configurations

• Knowledge of configuration changes and change histories

• Assessing if your resources are compliant with specific governances controls 

• Having accurate and up-to-date audit information

Depending on the size of your AWS resources or deployment, overcoming these challenges and obtaining this information can become time-consuming and budget-intensive unless you use resource visibility and auditing tool like AWS Config. 

This blog aims to get you started with AWS Config and understand its basic concepts, advantages, and disadvantages. Let's dive in with an introduction.

What is AWS Config? 

AWS Config is an AWS service that allows you to audit, assess, and evaluate your AWS resource configurations. The service records and evaluates the configurations of your AWS resources against desired configurations, a set of rules, or conformance packs. It's an optimal service for cloud auditing and asset visibility. 

In terms of visibility, Config also enables you to view configuration histories, which streamlines change management, operational troubleshooting, and security analysis.

Here's a breakdown of what Config offers for cloud auditing:

• Configuration history of AWS resources and software

• Customizable rules

• Conformance packs

• Tracking resource relationships

• Configuration snapshots

• Governance dashboard

• Integrations with other AWS services

Get started with Bite-Size Key Concepts

AWS Resources

AWS resources are entities that are created and managed within the AWS Management Console or using the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), SDKs, or AWS partner tools. For example, Amazon EC2 instances, VPCs, and Elastic Block Store are resources. See the current list of supported resource types.

Configuration Items

A configuration item, or CI, is a point-in-time view of a supported resource. It comprises a JSON file holding the resource configuration information, relationship information, or related metadata as a point-in-time snapshot. So, Config forms a CI every time a resource configuration change takes place. Config records directly related resources to ensure they aren't affected by the changed configuration.

Configuration Stream

A configuration stream is a list of all your configuration items for the resources being recorded by Config. The list is automatically updated every time a resource is created, modified, or deleted. This configuration stream operates by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) topic. It helps to be aware whenever a change occurs.

Configuration History

As the name gives away, a configuration history is a collection of your configuration items for a given resource over a specific time period. It enables you to understand, for example, how the resource has been configured over a period when the resource was created or what configuration changes took place at a specific time.

Configuration Snapshots

A configuration snapshot refers to a complete, point-in-time picture of the resources that Config is recording and their configurations. Additionally, configuration snapshots can be sent to an S3 bucket.

Configuration Recorder

The AWS Config configuration recorder stores the configurations of supported resources as configuration items. You can start, restart, and stop the recorder at any time.

Resource Relationships

AWS Config enables you to discover AWS resources and map their relationships. For example, you can find out if an EBS volume is attached to an EC2 instance associated with a security group.

Managed and Custom Rules

Config offers a set of predefined rules and the ability to create custom ones. An AWS Config rule refers to your desired configuration settings for a specific resource or your entire AWS account. Once you activate a rule, Config compares resources against the conditions of a particular rule. This process can be triggered either when a change occurs or periodically based on the frequency of your choice (e.g., every 24 hours).

How Does AWS Config Work?

Once switched on, AWS Config starts discovering the supported AWS resources in your account and generates a configuration item for each resource. It also creates configuration items whenever a resource configuration changes. It records and holds the historical records of your resources from the time you start the recorder until you stop it. 

AWS Config keeps track of configuration changes and examines them periodically or based on rule triggers. If you use AWS Config rules, it continuously evaluates your resources and compares them against desired settings. If a resource violates a rule you set up, Config flags it as non-compliant. Subsequently, when the compliance status changes, the service delivers a notification to your Amazon SNS topic. 

Note: AWS Config's supported resource types cover many Amazon services, including CloudFront, CloudWatch, DynamoDB, EC2, CloudTrail, Elastic Beanstalk, and Lambda Function. It provides 200+ predefined rules and custom ones with limitations.

Advantages AWS Config Bring

The ultimate benefit to reap from AWS Config is the ability to discover AWS resources and track configuration changes without a doubt. In addition, we can expand on the benefits, including:

• Continuous monitoring and recording of configuration changes across your AWS resources

• Change management: Ability to observe historical configuration changes

• Continuous cloud resource auditing and compliance assessment

• Operational troubleshooting with AWS CloudTrail 

• Multi-account and multi-region data aggregation